The other ukulele, called the "cuk" (pronounced "chook"), is larger and has 3 gut or nylon strings. The off-beat strums are often accentuated. The instrumentalist strums chords with up to 8 strums per beat in 4/4 rhythm. One ukulele, called the "cak" (pronounced "chak"), may be steel-stringed. Previously, they also used the Portuguese musical instrument called cavaquinho, a four steel stringed musical instrument that looks like a guitar however, cavaquinho was then modified into a prounga, a 3 nylon stringed instrument with low pitch, and a macina, a 4 nylon stringed instrument with high pitch. These instruments, especially the pair of ukuleles, interlock as do the instruments in a gamelan orchestra, and it is clear that the musical traditions of Indonesia have been applied to an orchestra of European instruments. This background rhythm runs faster than the often slow vocals or melody, and is created, typically, by two ukuleles, a cello, a guitar and a bass. The name "Kroncong" may be derived from the jingling sound of the kerincing rebana, as heard in the rhythmic background of the music created by the interlocking of instruments playing on or off beat. 4.2.4 Millennium Kroncong (2000–present).
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